Guide to Medicine

Medicine is the province of the Foundations' dedicated medical professionals, and is mostly something that they try to do while avoiding the variety of hapless uneducated schmucks that insist on clogging up the infirmary. Playing a Medical job in Space Station 13 is, in theory, about being a noble physician concerned with the life and health of all other members of the crew. In practice, it means cleaning up after the messes that the other departments make for themselves, patching up the idiots so that they can go out and hurt themselves all over again, and doing your best to ignore non-Medical crew who think that they know your job better than you do. The Basics The Brain  Everything in your body revolves around the brain. So long as your brain isn't dead, you're not dead. Everything else is just there to keep the brain alive, and the severity of any given injury is a direct measure of how much of a threat it poses to the brain. Your brain - and, similarly, the brains of your patients - start out with an integrity of 100%. Certain types of effects can cause your brain's integrity to lower. When it hits 0%, you are braindead - and there's no coming back from that. The things that pose the biggest threat to your brain, in approximate order of how common they are on board this ship, are: Lack of oxygen flow.Direct physical harm to the brain.Toxins in the bloodstream. Lack of oxygen can be caused by many things - exposure to vacuum, being poisoned with Lexorin, and so on. The most common cause of it, though, is blood loss. Alternately, even if you're getting sufficient blood to your brain, and even if it's chock-full of delicious oxygen, toxins in your blood will still eat through your neurons pretty quickly. Your first line of defence against this is your liver, with your kidneys playing backup, but you'll still need to clear toxins out of your blood, through whatever means, as fast as possible. See Organs and Toxins, below, for more information. And, finally, somebody shooting you in the brain will obviously not be a good thing for your brain integrity, either. Protect your noggin, or end up as a pink splatter on the walls. Blood Loss Blood Oxygenation Blood loss, insufficient oxygenation of the blood, and lack of circulation are among the most common threats to patients' brains aboard the Torch. Mechanically, what ultimately matters is your level of blood oxygenation. This is a numerical value, ranging from 0% to 100%, determined by: Blood volume: Restore blood with IV drips.Access to oxygen: Make sure they have breathable air (check if their internals are empty!). Dexalin (Plus) is also very helpful.Lungs and heart: A damaged heart is especially dangerous. Surgery, Cryotubes, and Peridaxon all directly heal organs. Below 85% blood oxygenation your brain will start taking damage and it'll take damage faster and faster as oxygen becomes less and less available. Below 40%, it starts taking extra damage. Pulse If your blood oxygenation drops, your pulse rate will increase to compensate for it. Above 150 BPM, it will start damaging your heart.</li>Above 250 BPM, the patient can and will enter cardiac arrest.</li></ul> To lower the pulse, use Inaprovaline and/or Paracetamol/Tramadol/Oxycodone to alleviate pain. Blood Flow If your heart doesn't beat, there is no blood flow. Blood flow is also reduced if heart is damaged, and can lead to low oxygenation even with full oxygen and blood volume. Cardiac Arrest Sometimes the heart just can't take it anymore and stops. Being in extreme pain will also skyrocket your pulse and can cause the heart to stop. This is indicated by a flatline on your med-HUD. If someone is in cardiac arrest, they are priority number one. If you are ever in doubt what to do, put the patient into a stasis bag. You can scan them with your health analyzer and inject them with a syringe even if the bag is closed.</li>First, make sure the heart won't stop again. Was it caused by pain? Administer painkillers, then use a defibrillator.</li>It could've been caused by low blood volume - hypovolemic shock. Get some blood into them with IV drips and restart the heart with a defibrillator or CPR.</li>Was it caused by severe heart damage? You can see this if their blood oxygenation is dangerously low. Put them into a stasis bag or cryo tube, tell the Surgeon the patient needs instant surgery, then bring them in.</li>It could've been caused by a lack of oxygen sending the heart into an abnormal rhythm. Restart the heart with defibrillator or CPR. If they have air, that's it. Otherwise, administer Inaprovaline to stabilize their pulse.</li>If you are a civilian, the patient is in surgery, or you just can't get a defibrillator, administer CPR.</li></ul> Toxins Poison in your blood is exceptionally bad news. As long as it's there, it will inflict continuously-stacking damage on your organs, brain included. Toxins are filtered out by your liver. Once it fails, the kidneys are next and your body is without any kind of a protection. All your other organs will shut down. In case of toxins: Use dialysis to remove the toxins.</li>Administer Dylovene. It removes toxins and slightly heals the liver.</li>If it is caused by radiation, use Hyronalin</li>Fix the liver and kidneys with surgery by using Peridaxon, Arithrazine or cryotubes.</li></ul> Some toxins, such as cyanide, are even more dangerous, as they are targeted towards specific organs and bypass the liver's protection. These can go right for the brain if left untreated and are enormously lethal. Be ready to react quickly if you want to have any hope of saving a patient from these super-poisons. Diagnostics There are a variety of handy tools available to medical personnel. Learning what information can be gathered from each, and what you most need to know, is key to quickly and accurately diagnosing patients. Your Eyes This is something that a surprising number of players, even experienced ones, tend to forget. Simply looking at a patient by Shift + Clicking on them can tell you a surprising amount about their condition, such as:<li>Any embedded objects such as shrapnel or bullets. They don't come up on your handheld analyzer.</li><li>Bleeding and/or visible wounds.</li><li>Missing body parts.</li><li>Dislocated body parts.</li></ul> Some more information, such as broken bones, can be gathered by touch. Target a part of their body, grab (using grab intent) it and click on them with the help intent to inspect that piece. This will provide you with a variety of information tidbits about that specific limb's condition. Health Analyzer The health analyser is the medic's best friend. Clicking on a patient with this in hand will give you a short readout of their condition. At least Basic Medicine Skill is recommended to get full information from it. From top to bottom, the results are: <ol><li>Brain Activity: Ranges from normal to fading (not counting "None", which indicates brain death). A rough measure of the brain's integrity levels.</li><li>Pulse Rate: The current heart rate. Anything above roughly 120 bpm indicates stress and pain; 250 bpm or higher indicates that the patient's heart is close to failing.</li><li>Blood Pressure: The norm for most patients (READ: healthy humans, not cyborgs or IPCs) will be roughly 120/80. Anything below that generally indicates blood loss. Also on this line is the patient's blood oxygenation. See above for more information. Anything below 100% indicates either blood loss, lung failure, or heart damage.</li><li>Body Temperature: Usually about 38C or 98F (again, for healthy humans). Anything substantially higher or lower indicates some sort of problem or change, an infection, or simply having prosthetics.</li><li>Radiation Levels: A measure of how many points of radiation the patient has accumulated. Anything other than "No radiation detected." should be instantly fixed.</li><li>Specific Limb Damage: This is where you get a readout of what obvious external injuries, such as burns and cuts, the patient has. You won't see exact numbers here but you are given enough clues. Red damage is Brute, orange is Burn. Anything that is marked with [bleeding] should be bandaged as soon as possible. '''Damage listed as "irreparable" is beyond your ability to treat. These limbs will need to be amputated and replaced.</li><li>Reagent Scan''': The scanner can also tell you how many units of medication the patient has in their bloodstream, as well as any medications they may have swallowed. It will also let you know if there are non-medical things circulating in the patient's system, though it can't identify them.</li><li>Fractures, Internal Bleeding, and Systemic Organ Failure: The hand scanner will let you know if the patient has any of these severe conditions, though it won't be able to tell you details like which organs have failed or which arteries are bleeding. If you see any of these, take the patient to the Advanced Body Scanner immediately to see how bad things really are.</li></ol> Body Scanner The Body Scanner is a more heavy-duty version of your handheld health analyser. Patients have to be loaded into it by hand (drag and drop or use grab intent). Once someone is inside, click on the console next to it and press "(Re)scan Occupant". You can use this to identify failing or damaged organs, broken bones, severed arteries, illicit implants, genetic degradation, or anything else that the handheld scanner can't identify on its own. This device requires higher Medicine Skill to function correctly than the health analyser, giving full information only at Experienced level. You can also push the scan to the displays located above the surgery tables in the operating theatres, or print out a piece of paper with the scan results on it and bring it to the surgeon so they can refer to it when needed. The Medical HUD Medical as a division has access to special HUD glasses which will tell you, at a glance, a few vital things about a patient. A straight flatline (without a skull icon) means cardiac arrest. The Stethoscope and Penlight These are two medical diagnostic tools with extremely niche applications, but they can be handy in identifying odd or elusive conditions. You'll still probably never use them. <ul><li>Stethoscope: Can be worn on your jumpsuit as an attached accessory. When you need to use it, hold it in your hand, target your patient's chest, and click on them with help intent. This will allow you to identify any issues with the heart or lungs.</li><li>Penlight: Can be stored in your medical belt or on your ear. When needed, click on it in your hand to turn on the light, target your patient's eyes, and click on them with help intent. This will allow you to monitor the reaction time of their pupils, which, if slower than usual, can indicate brain damage, intoxication via alcohol or drugs or genetic degradation.</li></ul> Triage, Retrieval, and Critical Patients Triage is the art of quickly diagnosing multiple patients and prioritizing care towards those with the most pressing need. Basically, when you have multiple patients, look over each of them as quickly as you can and figure out which of them, if any, need treatment right the hell now, and focus care on them. This is a vital skill during emergency situations, but even with only one or two patients to look at, being able to determine within a few seconds whether or not their condition is particularly serious is a vital skill, particularly for <a href="/Roles/MedicalTechnician">Medical Technician</a> players, who will often be called upon to exercise this skill in the field while retrieving patients for transport to the Infirmary. This relies, obviously, on your ability to quickly and accurately diagnose patients, so familiarize yourself with the diagnostic tools covered above and learn how to read them. Once you know how to identify what is wrong with each patient, it becomes a matter of prioritizing.Any patient undergoing cardiac arrest, suffering from internal bleeding, with ruptured lungs, or experiencing organ failure needs immediate treatment. Whether or not any of these things are true, though, the basic idea behind triage is this: <ol><li>Examine each potential patient as quickly as possible, and form a diagnosis of each.</li><li>Sort each patient from most critical to least critical.</li><li>Stabilize the most critical patients, if possible, and send them to the more specialized <a href="/Roles/Physician">Physicians</a>, if available, for complete treatment.</li><li>Work your way down the list, stabilizing and directing each patient to the appropriate Physician, until no patients remain.</li></ol> When working as a Medical Technician in the field, this will include the additional step of retrieving the patients for transport to the Infirmary. When dealing with injured patients in the field, after performing triage and selecting your priority cases: <ol><li>Remove yourself and the patient from the source of the injury, whether it be a space carp, phoron-saturated clothing, or a murderous traitor. Adding yourself to the list of casualties won't help anyone. Putting them in rescue bag will protect them against hostile atmosphere.</li><li>Stabilize the patient to the best of your ability before transporting them. Failing to do this may result in patient death during transport. Administering Inaprovaline, Tramadol and Dexalin Plus, bandaging bleeding wounds, attaching an auto-compressor, and so on are all helpful in this regard; prioritize stopping any external bleeding, preserving oxygen flow to the brain, and preventing the onset of shock. If the patient requires surgery, wait until after the surgery to administer Bicaridine or Tricordrazine. These will heal the incisions the surgeon makes on the patient, interrupting surgery.</li><li>Use a roller bed to transport them to Medbay. If no roller beds are available, grab them using grab intent and move.  Warning:  Remember, patient's condition will will worsen massively from being dragged (ctrl+click) with open wounds! </li></ol> Conditions and Symptoms Main Article: List of Conditions and Symptoms Now that you are familiar with the methods and methodology of making a diagnosis, it's time to take a look at the actual conditions that you will have to diagnose. You can use the article above to find a list of symptoms, conditions and how to treat them. Tools Some of these tools require at least the Basic level of the Medicine Skill to use safely, or perform better at higher skill levels. Basic Tools These are the most basic implements available to you. While their uses are specific and will not cover all the patients that you have to deal with, they're widely applicable, and having them within easy reach is never a bad thing. Medicine Medicines are the true lifeblood of Medical as a department. There are medications available for all but the most severe of injuries: medications that will stitch your flesh back together, or salve your burns, or supply oxygen to your brain, or repair damaged organs, or cleanse toxins from your system. All of them are incredibly useful, and with a proper supply of medication, Medical should be able to save practically anyone that they can reach prior to death, no matter how intense the injury. Unfortunately, only a small number of medications come readily available in the Infirmary vending machines. Most of them have to be made by hand by the Chemist in the Chemistry Lab. Some of the more important medications are: <ul><li>Inaprovaline: Go-to stabilization chemical. Has various effects, most important being slowing down rate at which brain takes damage from low oxygenation. Mixes with Dylovene to make Tricordrazine</li><li>Dylovene: A general purpose anti-toxin that will cleanse various poisonous substances from the blood stream. Your go-to answer for toxins of any type. It also heals the liver very slightly, assuming that it isn't already dead. Mixes with Inaprovaline to make Tricordrazine.</li><li>Bicaridine: Treats brute damage.</li><li>Kelotane, Dermaline: All treat burn damage. Dermaline is just stronger Kelotane.</li><li>Dexalin and Dexalin Plus: Will supply blood with oxygen, regardless of if lungs work or no. Incredibly useful for stabilizing patients whose lungs have failed, but still requires blood flow.</li><li>Tramadol: Strong painkiller, useful to prevent pain shock in patients.</li><li>Alkysine: Repairs brain damage if oxygenation is good (85%+). Causes intermittent blackouts and confusion in the patient.</li></ul> IV Drip Technically, these can be used to provide a slow, steady feed of any given chemical into a patient's bloodstream, but most of the time you'll just be using them to perform blood transfusions on patients who have lost a lot of blood. <ul><li>Hooking/unhooking patient: Click and drag the IV's sprite onto the patient.</li><li>Loading chemicals:Click on an unloaded IV with the chemical container in hand.</li><li>Unloading chemicals:Click on a loaded IV with an empty hand.</li><li>Changing modes: To change modes between feeding chemicals into or extracting blood from the patient (for blood donations, usually), right click on the IV and use Toggle Mode option.</li><li>Changing amount transferred: To amount of chemicals transferred per cycle, right click on the IV and use Set IV transfer amount option.</li><li>Keep in mind that leaving the patient hooked up to an extracting IV for too long will result in major blood loss, which will result in brain damage.</li></ul> You can also use the IV bags in similar way - they must be held in hand to continue working, and cannot extract blood. Roller Bed Also known as stretchers. Used to transport patients quickly and safely. Patients can be buckled or unbuckled from the bed as per usual for beds and chairs, but this bed can be pulled and pushed around while someone's lying on it. It can also be folded up for a Medical Technician to carry it around, if necessary. It has an IV stand and can be used to give an IV drip. Transfer amount must be set on the bag itself. It can also be used for ghetto surgery in a pinch. <ul><li>Buckling Patient: Drag the patient on top of the unfolded bed, click and drag from patient to bed.</li><li>Unbuckling: Click on the bed.</li><li>Folding: Click and drag roller bed sprite to your character.</li><li>Unfolding: Click on the folded bed in your hand.</li><li>Loading an IV: Click on the bed with an IV. </li><li>Removing an IV: Click on the bed with the IV.</li><li>Hooking/unhooking patient IV: Drag the IV sprite in the corner of the bed onto the patient to start the drip.</li></ul> Auto-Compressor Also known as an auto-CPR machine. This device will try to keep blood pumping even if the heart has stopped or is too damaged to do its job. It won't restart the heart and is slightly less efficient than manual CPR, but it will help keep the patient alive. To work, it must be put on the patient's suit inventory slot. You can click the patient with it in hand to quickly put it on. It requires at least Basic Anatomy and Medicine skill to safely use. Otherwise, it can damage the ribcage Stasis Some things - namely cryo, stasis bags, cryopods or just extreme cold apply 'stasis'. It's an effect that slows down your metabolism by some factor, in essence making you 'tick' only every so often instead of normal frequency. It can be extremely useful in medical to buy some time for patients who are bad off, but not the worst off, or when medical help is unavailable and you need more time to get to it. It slows down processing of everything inside the patient - bleeding, chemicals (both good and bad), infections, any organ damage side effects. Higher stasis factors (15x or more) will also make patient fall asleep eventually, and all of them will make them drowsy. Stasis Bag Stasis bags are found in the medical storage inside a locker. The ultimate "oh shit" button in Medical. When a patient is critical and you absolutely cannot get them treatment in time, have them lie on the floor and click on this bag while it's in your hand and you're standing over them. Then click the bag to open it, click again to close, and voila - one stasis'd patient. This will slow down their metabolism until it's opened again. They start at 20x slowdown, and deteriorate with time, turning 25% worse every 5 minutes - 20x to 15x to 11x and so on until fully depleted in 40 minutes. Patients in stasis bags can also be injected through the bag itself by clicking on the bag with a syringe in hand. This allows you to dose the patient with important medications like inaprovaline prior to removing them. This makes Stasis Bags incredibly useful for emergency retrievals and ensuring that patients have more time to get treatment. In a crisis situation, these things are worth their weight in gold. For example, if patient would have died in a minute, at maximum power stasis bag he would last 20 instead. <ul><li>Slows down metabolism (breathing, bleeding, chemicals in blood, etc.)</li><li>No IC skills required (one of the few devices that are ICly as simple to use as OOCly)</li></ul> Defibrillator Your answer to all cases of cardiac arrest. It has to be worn on your back and requires both hands free in order to wield the paddles. Place it on your back slot, then click it to take the paddles in your hands. Click the patient with the paddles at the ready, in help intent, and aiming at the chest area in order to try and jump-start their heart. Do note that this won't actually fix anything about the heart itself. If it's damaged, it'll stay damaged, and if the patient is out of blood, they'll still be out of blood. Unless you want their heart to fail again immediately, be sure to fix the issue that caused the cardiac arrest in the first place before resuscitating them. <ul><li>Used to restart a stopped heart.</li><li>Uses a standard power cell that can be removed with a screwdriver and upgraded.</li></ul> Other Equipment <ul><li>Medical Wardrobe - Contains different uniforms for different sections of Med-bay, as well as different colored surgical scrubs.</li><li>Medical Belts - Can be loaded with medications and tools, such as syringes and health analyzers, for easy access.</li><li>Medical Kits - There are many different kinds, each containing their respective type of emergency pouches. More can be ordered from cargo.</li><li>Syringe Gun - Can be loaded with a single syringe that can be shot at a person from a distance.</li><li>Prescription Glasses - For helping those who can't see good and wanna learn do other stuff good too. Also contains prescription meson glasses and sunglasses.</li><li>Space Cleaner - Can be fired ahead three tiles to help clean up the inevitable mess that Med-bay becomes.</li><li>Sterilizine - Essentially space cleaner, removes blood on surgery tables.</li><li>Body Bags - Used for storing dead bodies in. Can be labeled with a pen.</li><li>Sink - Use this to wash your dirty, dirty germ covered hands.</li><li>Mass Spectrometer - Used for testing toxins in a patient's blood.</li><li>Laser Scalpel - Made from science, makes surgery quicker by making the incision bloodless.</li><li>Incision Management System - Made from science, makes surgery much quicker by automatically making an incision, clamping bleeders, and retracting it.</li></ul> Machinery In addition to the other, more portable tools available to the doctors, there are a handful of less-mobile pieces of medical equipment in the Infirmary that may prove useful to you. Cryo Cell Used for supercooling both medication and patients. Usually, these will be loaded with Cryoxadone or Clonexadone, which are medications that must be extremely cold in order to have any effect. They are the controlled way of putting a patient into cold-induced stasis. At 80K temperature, the cryotube provides 20x stasis factor to most species (Note that this currently prevents most use of cryo cells for actual medical treatment, as patients barely tick while in cryo. Cryo cells are presently useful primarily as stasis tools.). Keep in mind that unless the tube has Cryoxadone or Clonexadone loaded, the cold will damage the patient as normal - those chems are what prevents it. One of more niche uses is to repair genetic damage, as Clonexadone is an easy fix for that sort of thing. Occasionally, enterprising Chemists might load up the cryotubes with more complex medicinal mixtures that might give them a wider use, but this is uncommon and should not be relied upon. Cryo starts out warm and has to be set up, and is useless until it's cold and loaded with medicine. Since it's the patient's body temperature that determines whether Cryoxadone and Clonexadone work, you won't get very fast results until the cryo tube is cold enough to quickly freeze the patient. Remove their space suits, or they would not be able to be chilled enough for medicine to work. Once a patient is inside the cryotube, click on it to open its control interface and monitor your patient's health. Setting Up Cryo <ol><li>Make sure the oxygen canister is connected to the cryo tubes. If it isn't (it should be, as it starts out connected), use a wrench on the O2 canister to secure it.</li><li>Take a nearby beaker filled with Cryoxadone and then click on an empty cryotube to load the beaker into the cell. Note that Clonexadone is exactly the same, but better, and should be used when possible. Get some from the Pharmacist. Faster still is a combination of Clonexadone and Cryoxadone. Some Pharmacists make their own custom mixes.</li><li>Set the freezer's Target gas temperature to approximately 80 degrees.</li><li>Set the freezer to On.</li></ol> Using Cryo <ol><li>If patient is wearing any suit that protects from cold (i.e. space suit), remove it.</li><li>Grab the patient.</li><li>Click on one of the cells to place the patient inside and set the Cryo status to On.</li><li>If patient is not healing, either the patient is not cool enough inside the chamber, the beaker within the chamber has run out of chemicals, or the medicinal mix in the cryotube is incapable of treating the patient's injuries.</li><li>Click on the cryo cell to check on your patient. When satisfied with their recovery, you can eject the patient by pressing the Eject Occupant button.</li><li>Remember to turn Cryo status to Off to save oxygen and chemicals.</li></ol> Sleeper Sleepers are general-purpose medicinal units that can be used to apply a variety of basic medications. Since these are basic medications, however, they are rarely used for this; rather, their primary purpose is to perform dialysis or engage their stomach pump functions, which can both be used to remove a variety of toxic or otherwise dangerous substances from a patient's body. Once a patient is loaded into the sleeper, click on it to open the controls for the sleeper. <ul><li>Placing patient in: Click and drag the patient onto the sleeper.</li><li>Getting patient out: Press the Eject Occupant button on the sleeper interface screen.</li><li>Dialysis: Once the patient is inside, click 'Start Dialysis'. Dialysis filters out blood (watch for low blood counts causing brain damage), with the added bonus of pulling out any chemicals in the patient's bloodstream with it. This treatment should be used when you believe someone to be overdosing or to be poisoned. The beaker inside the sleeper will fill with the mixture of blood and filtered chemicals. To retrieve the beaker (potentially to let the Chemist examine the mixture and find out what the patient was poisoned with), press the Eject Beaker button on the sleeper's control screen.</li><li>Stomach pump: Similar to dialysis, but for chemicals in the stomach, as dialysis won't get those.</li><li>Stasis: Sleepers have some limited stasis capability, with 3x, 5x or 10x factors settable. Keep in mind that while in stasis, beneficial medicine is processed more slowly. Power usage will also increase dramatically at higher factors.</li></ul> Sleeper Chemicals <ul><li>Inaprovaline - Slows bleeding, stabilizes heart rate, and slows down the rate of brain damage. Also acts as a weak painkiller.</li><li>Paracetamol - A slightly stronger painkiller than Inaprovaline.</li><li>Dylovene - Cleanses toxins from the blood. Also slightly heals damage to the liver.</li><li>Dexalin - Supplies artificial oxygen to the brain.</li></ul> When upgraded by science staff, Sleepers also contain: <ul><li>Kelotane - Heals burns, albeit slower than Dermaline.</li><li>Hyronalin - Treats radiation poisoning.</li></ul> Suit Sensors Monitoring Console Located in the infirmary lobby, the suit sensors monitoring console is your advance warning system. It's really just a program available to most computers, but it's primarily used by Medical personnel and is very handy for locating patients in need. The sensor console can give a readout of any crew member's pulse, blood oxygenation, body temperature, and location, so long as they enable their suit sensors. Be sure to remind them to do this, and keep one eye on the monitoring console at all times in order to catch injuries as they occur and more efficiently dispatch your Medical Technicians to where they need to be. Procedures Beyond simply using the tools available to you, there are a variety of medical procedures that you can perform on your patients in order to help heal them. CPR If a patient's heart has stopped, there's no blood flow going to the brain. This can quickly result in brain death, and obviously should be corrected as quickly as possible, as mentioned above. However, if, for some reason, immediate resuscitation is not possible, CPR is a good way to extend a patient's life. Every time you perform CPR on a patient, it counts as one breath with their lungs were properly working, it circulates blood a little no matter what state heart is in, and with some luck, you might be able to restart their heart. Don't be afraid to crack some ribs while you're at it, remember, if they died with ribs intact, you didn't try hard enough! CPR consists of two parts - the chest compressions to kickstart the heart and the mouth to mouth resuscitation to give them air. To perform CPR on a patient, they must be in cardiac arrest, and for the mouth-to-mouth part, neither of you can be wearing a mask or other mouth covering. Click on the patient with an empty hand while on help intent to perform CPR. This requires both of you to remain still for a short period. This can be repeated as many times as necessary until treatment can be administered. Blood Transfusion If a patient has lost a large amount of blood, they will require a blood transfusion to allow for full circulation and prevent further brain damage. <ul><li>Prepare an IV drip with a blood bag containing an appropriate blood type (see below). If available, you should use NanoBlood, that is more efficient and does not care for blood types. You can order it in Cargo or have Chemist make some from plain blood.</li><li>Ensure that the IV drip is in Inject mode.</li><li>Attach the IV drip to the patient.</li><li>Monitor the patient's blood circulation via health analyzer.</li><li>If an IV drip is not available, injecting the patient with blood from a syringe is workable, if a slow and cumbersome, option, as is administering blood pills.</li><li>Iron and nutriment both speed up the patient's natural recovery of lost blood.</li></ul> Blood Compatibility It's important to use right type, to avoid blood rejection and poisoning. Blood between two different species is never compatible, even if it shares the same colour. Nanoblood, which is made chemically can be given to any patient without fear of rejection, but donated blood should be reserved for members of the same species. If there is no NanoBlood available, and no precise blood type match as an alternative, look for a replacement by these rules: <ul><li>Negative can take only negative.</li><li>All types can take O.</li><li>A can take A.</li><li>B can take B.</li><li>AB can take A and B.</li><li>O can take only O.</li></ul> Blood Compatibility Chart Dialysis &amp; Stomach Pump If the patient has undesirable chemicals in his blood or stomach, you can use the Sleeper to remove them. Make sure to pick appropriate function (Dialysis for chemicals in blood, Stomach Pump for ingested chemicals), and remember that Dialysis will remove blood along with chemicals, so keep an eye on their blood levels. Robotic Limbs, Parts, and Organs Main Article: Guide to Robotics Injuries located on robotic limbs can in rare cases be treated, however medical is not equipped to deal with it. Those patients should be sent to the Roboticist for repairs - in the absence of a Roboticist, Physicians with appropriate training (i.e. the Complex Devices skill) may step in. It is still important for individuals to receive treatment for these wounds as soon as possible. Robotic limbs are tougher than normal limbs, and do not count towards overall damage for purposes of, for example, putting the patient into cardiac arrest. However, they can only be repaired by welders (for brute damage) or wires (for burn damage), and malfunction if damaged. If one of the medical personnel has training in electronics, they may want to carry a welder and some cable to repair prostheses; otherwise, keep the Roboticist on call. Artificial organs can be repaired during Surgery with Nanopaste. Robotic limbs are the best way to treat patients who have suffered a traumatic amputation. It is recommended to maintain good relations with robotics and perhaps, if they are not too busy, acquire a set of robotic limbs just in case you need to attach one.